Having completed BEng and MEng degrees in electronic and electrical engineering at the University of Bath, UK, Jules Hammond continued to complete a PhD on micro- and nano-gap based biosensors. During his PhD he also co-founded a startup specialising on producing hardware and software for dynamic reconfiguration of energy arrays, which was awarded the David Embleton innovation award. He has also worked with the SetSquared business incubator in Bath to facilitate technology transfer. Since moving to Grenoble, France, his research has first focused on developing the world’s first solubilised enzymatic fuel cell using glyconanoparticles, and later, developing paper-based biofuel cells, leading to the CNRS spin-off, BeFC.